John Buford in the Civil War

John Buford in the Civil War Significant General John Buford was a prominent mounted force official in the Union Army during the Civil War. In spite of the fact that from a slave-holding family in Kentucky, he chose to stay faithful to the Union when battling started in 1861. Buford separated himself at the Second Battle of Manassas and later held a few significant mounted force positions in the Army of the Potomac. He is best associated with the job he played during the early periods of the Battle of Gettysburg. Showing up in the town, his division held basic high ground north and guaranteed that the Army of the Potomac had the basic slopes south of Gettysburg. Early Life John Buford was conceived March 4, 1826, close to Versailles, KY and was the principal child of John and Anne Banister Buford. In 1835, his mom passed on from cholera and the family moved to Rock Island, IL. Slipped from a long queue of military men, the youthful Buford before long substantiated himself a talented rider and a skilled marksmen. At fifteen years old, he headed out to Cincinnati to work with his more seasoned stepbrother on an Army Corps of Engineers venture on the Licking River. While there, he went to Cincinnati College before communicating a craving to go to West Point. After year at Knox College, he was acknowledged to the institute in 1844. Quick Facts: Major General John Buford Rank: GeneralService: US/Union ArmyNickname: Old SteadfastBorn: March 4, 1826 in Woodford County, KYDied: December 16, 1863 in Washington, DCParents: John and Anne Banister BufordSpouse: Martha (Pattie) McDowell DukeConflicts: Civil WarKnown For: Battle of Antietam, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, and Battle of Gettysburg. Turning into a Soldier Showing up at West Point, Buford substantiated himself a skilled and decided understudy. Squeezing through the course of study, he graduated sixteenth of 38 in the Class of 1848. Mentioning administration in the mounted force, Buford was appointed into the First Dragoons as a brevet second lieutenant. His stay with the regiment was brief as he was before long moved to the recently framed Second Dragoons in 1849. Serving on the wilderness, Buford partook in a few crusades against the Indians and was named regimental officer in 1855. The next year he separated himself at the Battle of Ash Hollow against the Sioux. In the wake of supporting in harmony keeping endeavors during the Bleeding Kansas emergency, Buford partook in the Mormon Expedition under Colonel Albert S. Johnston. Presented on Fort Crittenden, UT in 1859, Buford, presently a skipper, considered crafted by military scholars, for example, John Watts de Peyster, who supported for supplanting the customary line of fight with the conflict line. He likewise turned into a disciple of the conviction that rangers should battle got off as portable infantry instead of dash into fight. Buford was still at Fort Crittenden in 1861 when the Pony Express welcomed expression of the assault on Fort Sumter. The Civil War Begins With the start of the Civil War, Buford was drawn nearer by the Governor of Kentucky in regards to taking a commission to battle for the South. Despite the fact that from a slave-holding family, Buford accepted his obligation was to the United States and straight cannot. Voyaging east with his regiment, he arrived at Washington, DC and was designated right hand reviewer general with the position of major in November 1861. Buford stayed in this backwater post until Major General John Pope, a companion from the prewar armed force, saved him in June 1862. Elevated to brigadier general, Buford was provided order of the II Corps Cavalry Brigade in Popes Army of Virginia. That August, Buford was one of a couple of Union officials to separate themselves during the Second Manassas Campaign. In the weeks prompting the fight, Buford gave Pope opportune and essential knowledge. On August 30, as Union powers were falling at Second Manassas, Buford drove his men in an edgy battle at Lewis Ford to purchase Pope time to withdraw. Expressly driving a charge forward, he was injured in the knee by a spent slug. Despite the fact that difficult, it was anything but a genuine injury.​​​ Armed force of the Potomac While he recouped, Buford was named Chief of Cavalry for Major General George McClellans Army of the Potomac. A generally regulatory position, he was in this limit at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. Kept in his post by Major General Ambrose Burnside he was available at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13. In the wake of the annihilation, Burnside was assuaged and Major General Joseph Hooker took order of the military. Returning Buford to the field, Hooker provided him order of the Reserve Brigade, first Division, Cavalry Corps. Buford first observed activity in quite a while new order during the Chancellorsville Campaign as part Major General George Stonemans assault into A confederate area. In spite of the fact that the attack itself neglected to accomplish its targets, Buford performed well. A hands-on administrator, Buford was frequently found close to the cutting edges empowering his men. Old Steadfast Perceived as one of the top mounted force administrators in either armed force, his confidants alluded to him as Old Steadfast. With Stonemans disappointment, Hooker calmed the mounted force leader. While he considered the solid, calm Buford for the post, he rather chose the flashier Major General Alfred Pleasonton. Hooker later expressed that he felt that committed an error in sitting above Buford. As a component of the revamping of the Cavalry Corps, Buford was provided order of the first Division. In this job, he told the conservative of Pleasontons assault on Major General J.E.B. Stuarts Confederate mounted force at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863. In a day-long battle, Bufords men prevailing with regards to driving back the adversary before Pleasonton requested a general withdrawal. In the next weeks, Bufords division gave key knowledge in regards to Confederate developments north and every now and again conflicted with Confederate rangers. Gettysburg Entering Gettysburg, PA on June 30, Buford understood that the high ground south of the town would be key in any fight battled in the territory. Realizing that any battle including his division would be a deferring activity, he got off and posted his troopers on the low edges north and northwest of town with the objective of purchasing time for the military to come up and possess the statures. Assaulted the following morning by Confederate powers, his dwarfed men battled a two and half hour holding activity which took into consideration Major General John Reynolds I Corps to show up on the field. As the infantry assumed control over the battle, Bufords men secured their flanks. On July 2, Bufords division watched the southern piece of the front line before being pulled back by Pleasanton. Bufords sharp eye for landscape and strategic mindfulness on July 1 made sure about for the Union the situation from which they would win the Battle of Gettysburg and reverse the situation of the war. In the days following the Union triumph, Bufords men sought after General Robert E. Remains armed force south as it pulled back to Virginia. Last Months In spite of the fact that lone 37, Bufords tenacious style of order was no picnic for his body and by mid-1863 he experienced seriously ailment. Despite the fact that he much of the time required help mounting his pony, he regularly stayed in the seat throughout the day. Buford proceeded to successfully lead the first Division through the fall and the uncertain Union crusades at Bristoe and Mine Run. On November 20, Buford had to leave the field because of an inexorably serious instance of typhoid. This constrained him to divert down a proposal from Major General William Rosecrans to assume control over the Army of the Cumberlands mounted force. Heading out to Washington, Buford remained at the home of George Stoneman. With his condition intensifying, his previous administrator spoke to President Abraham Lincoln for a deathbed advancement to significant general. Lincoln concurred and Buford was educated in his last hours. Around 2:00 PM on December 16, Buford kicked the bucket in the arms of his helper Captain Myles Keogh. Following a remembrance administration in Washington on December 20, Bufords body was shipped to West Point for internment. Cherished by his men, the individuals from his previous division added to have a huge pillar worked over his grave in 1865.

Prepare journal entries to record transactions Essay

Get ready diary sections to record exchanges - Essay Example For the purchaser, the money parity will diminish or decrease by the sum he used to buy that thing, and on the other giving he will have obtained a portion of bread. On the vender, his measure of money will increment by the cost of the portion of bread and keeping in mind that his supply of bread will diminish subsequently (Price, Haddock, and Farina, 2012). Bookkeeping attempts to record both two occasions of the exchange, on the budget report of the business. Without the idea of twofold section and support of these bookkeeping records, the records of the business or the organization, will simply show an incomplete report on the business or the organization situation (Stickney, 2010). By and large, the subsequent impact of two sections is known as charge and credits. Bookkeeping significant guideline is that for each charge passage, it must be trailed by the resulting credit section. The charge passages are the ones that outcome from the expansion in resources, and costs and those which lead to the abatement in liabilities, values and salaries. Then again, credit passages are the ones that lead to the decline in costs and resources, and those that prompts the expansion in value liabilities and salary. A progression of these passages must prompt the adjusting of individual records. These records might be presented on one general record that has sections of depiction, folio, charge side and credit side. After the passage of every exchange, a concise clarification is made. This portrayal should precisely clarify the footing which occurred with the goal that any individual who sees it just because will have the option to comprehend what occurs on the separate sections. Every single diary entered can likewise be coordinated with the strong archive, which is pertinent to the passage made. These strong archives could be a receipt or check stub by the utilization of folio or code number. These folio number or code, cross reference between various reports. Huge business

Its Spring Time!

Its Spring Time! Hello, friends. When I originally started writing this post, it was a beautiful day outside with sun and cheer. Its not like that anymore. There is snow again, and I have to wear my puffy jacket everywhere. Yall know Illinois weather. I just wish it were warm already. But the good news is that spring break is in a week! Omg, what do we do? Before I start, I want everyone to rack their brains to imagine what spring break is like in college. Everyone has a different experience, and I am going to list some options you can take advantage of while at Illinois. Okay, I love breaks. Its a chance to sit back and not worry about classes for a whole week. But people spend their spring breaks differently. While a lot of students go home, a fair amount stays. Some people take trips with friends while others use the week to catch up on homework. Spring break is anything you want it to be. My freshman year, I spent my spring break at home and had a good time relaxing, but I really wished I had done something. So, my sophomore year, I took a class that had a spring break trip with it. The class was Honduras Water Project (which you can all take when you are on campus). In the class, students design a water system for a community in Honduras. After we collected any extra information we needed, we traveled there over break. I had a blast. I was so happy that I decided to do something instead of staying home. This year for spring break, I am doing the exact same thing, except in Guatemala. Ill also be mentoring the class instead of being a participant. These are definitely opportunities that you can all take advantage of when youre on campus. You just have to keep your eyes out for them. Heres a list of things you can do over spring break. 1. Go Home If home is close enough that you can return and have enough time to hangout with family or friends, do it. I would recommend this for people who are not particularly looking to spend any money and want to spend time with family or friends. 2. Stay on Campus Odds are that you are not the only person staying on campusâ€" lots of people do. Many students stay on campus if they live out-of-state or in a different country, since their homes are hundreds or even thousands of miles away. I would recommend this option for those of you who are looking to catch up on school work, need some alone time, or want to pick up extra hours at their on campus job. The residence halls do close, but if youre worried about having a place to stay, the university always has housing options available over breaks. You can find all of that information on the Illinois housing website. 3. Go on a Trip With Some Friends Collect your friends and road trip to the Smoky Mountains! Spring break doesnt always mean taking flights outside of the country or going to a beach (but it can be if you want). If you really need a break from campus and school, I would highly encourage you to look into this option. I feel like what stops a lot of people from traveling during spring break is the worry about money. If you are in this situation, I recommend planning early and looking into smaller getaways. Just because break is a week long doesnt mean you have to be gone for that long, and there are lots of small trips you can take to local state parks. 4. Volunteer for a Service Project I remember in my freshman year I keep seeing an ad for a spring break volunteer trip. It was to NOLA and they were going to go help rebuild homes. I remember telling myself that I should apply, but I ended up missing the deadline. But you can definitely take advantage of this option! If you want to spend your break doing something that impacts the lives of others and meet some new friends, I encourage you to look into one of these trips. 5. Study Abroad Okay, lets say you dont sign up for a class that takes a study abroad trip, but you still want to do it. There are a ton of programs within the study abroad office that offer week-long trips to many parts of the country. You can check out a new place and meet some friends along the way. If you want to explore a new place and potentially earn some class credit, look into study abroad programs. There are also a lot of scholarships available for those who may not know how to fund the trip. Remember to look into these way before break because most have application deadlines months before. Alright, now you all have some options on what to do with a spring break. Honestly, all of these can be applied to fall, winter, and summer breaks too. Keep an eye out for emails, bulletin boards, or the study abroad website if you want to go some place new. I hope you all have a relaxing spring! Thats it for this one, friends. JN Julissa Class of 2020 I am majoring in Integrative Biology within the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I am from Lemont, a small southwest suburb of Chicago. If you want to read about the daily life of a student on campus and get some tips and tricks in the trade, my post are for you!

HPV research paper - 1314 Words

Human Papillomavirus Human Papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted disease that infects over twenty million Americans each year (Vanslyke, Baum, Plaza, Otero, Wheeler, Helizter, 2008, P. 584). Many of these people do not realize that they are infected because they do not show any symptoms. Even though HPV has been talked about for decades, it is only until recent years that the topic has become part of mainstream women’s health issues. Not only that, many of these people are women who do not understand the importance of testing for HPV. HPV is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer among women. This is especially true for women in the Hispanic community. Hispanics have higher instances of cervical cancer and mortality†¦show more content†¦Others were concerned with the physical discomfort of a pap smear and possible embarrassment from a pelvic exam. Many expressed that they do not want HPV testing without their knowledge. They would feel as if they were being taking advantage of. By these women not wanting to be tested, it makes it hard for physicians to be able to care for them. Physicians would not be able to have a patient-centered communication which would allow the doctor to treat their patients. Lastly, vaccines are another issue for the Hispanic community. Since many of the Hispanic cultures can’t afford healthcare, many of them are worried about the costs associated with getting the vaccine. Some, who have insurance, were worried if the insurance companies would even cover the costs of the vaccination because it’s a new vaccine. Not only that, they were worried that the vaccine would present access barrier for many in the Hispanic community (Luque et al. 2010, P.96). Many of these individuals do not have transportation or the time to make frequent trips to the doctor’s office for multiple rounds for the vaccine shots. The vaccine doesn’t have easy access like the flu shot where patients c an get a shot at the local drug store and not have to pay an office visit. Many are bothered that it would encourage young girls to want to have sex at an earlier age (Luque et al. 2010, P. 95). The fear is that once young girlsShow MoreRelatedHpv Cancer Research Paper1350 Words   |  6 Pages HPV Warts HPV Cancer Almost all sexually active people will get human Papillomavirus ( HPV) at some point in their life. Papillomavirus is a viral infection that is contracted via skin contact. Papillomavirus has multiple strains that can affect the genital area, skin, cervix, anus, mouth and throat. The degree of virulence of HPV depends on the on the strain that the person is infected with. Once a person has Papillomavirus there is no cure. However there is vaccines for preventive measuresRead MoreThe Primary Causes Of Cervical Cancer Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The primary cause of cervical cancer in women is Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is an infection transmitted through sexual intercourse (Buchwald et al 2014). In all cultures around the world, there is the recognition of the vulnerability of the sexually active, young women. Also, measures are being taken by various countries to introduce the HPV vaccination. However, the various efforts have not been successful due to the emotional charged and divisive social nature of the sexual behaviorsRead MoreHuman Papillomavirus ( HPV ) And Cancer Of The Ceervix960 Words   |  4 PagesCausal Association of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cancer of the Cervix It is important to have a clear understanding of how the etiology of cancer of the cervix was established which eventually enabled the development of HPV vaccines, one of the major breakthroughs in the history of cervical cancer. For decades, the etiology of cancer of the cervix remained unknown and there were several attempts by past scientists to establish the cause of cervical cancer without much success. However, the earliestRead MoreHuman Papillomavirus Vaccine Controversy : Susan Le1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper is to discuss different viewpoints in regards to the vaccine. What is Human Papillomavirus Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a double -stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that only infects humans with an attraction to both cutaneous and mucosal surfaces such as the cervix, anus, tonsil, and oropharynx (Clark, 2013). HPV is a type of oncogenic virus that goes into the cells and can cause several diseases. Over the years, research has surfaced connecting genital HPV to severalRead MorePrevention Of Cancer Of Uterus / Cervical Cancer With The Human Papilloma Virus1250 Words   |  5 PagesFlorence F. Odekunle BINF 5130 Term Paper Fall Semester 2015 Prevention of Cancer of Cervix/ Cervical Cancer with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-16/18 L1 Virus-like Particle Vaccine Introduction In this paper, I would like to critically review the article titled â€Å"Sustained efficacy up to 4.5 years of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine against human papillomavirus types 16 and18: follow-up from a randomized control trial† that was written by Harper, Franco, Wheeler, Moscicki, RomanowskiRead MoreThe Human Papillomavirus ( Hpv )1195 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in America today. With infection rates only increasing every year, it is important to know how HPV can be prevented and treated. In this paper, there is a brief overview of how HPV replicates and what happens when the cell is infected. It will also look at methods to preventing HPV infection such as vaccines, safe sex and abstinence as well as ways to treat HPV when prevention fails including wart removalRead MoreThe Relationship Between Hpv And Cervical Neoplasia1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween HPV and cervical neoplasia was confirmed.[7] According to Bosch et al., the 1990s produced the key results of case-control and cohort studies, and witnessed an increasing number of results on the clinical uses of HPV-DNA testing in screening and triage, [24] and, as Liaw et al. (1995) noted in their case control studies, it was also becoming apparent that those with multiple HPV infections have a high er risk of developing cancer of the cervix. [26] With the changing dimension of research studiesRead MoreHistorical Epidemiological Study Trends On The Causal Relationship Between Hpv And Cervical Cancer1393 Words   |  6 PagesSYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF HISTORICAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY TRENDS IN ESTABLISHING THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HPV AND CERVICAL CANCER: For centuries, the etiology of cancer of the cervix remained unknown and there were several attempts by past scientists to establish the cause of cervical cancer without much success. However, the earliest breakthroughs came in the 1930s while Dr Richard Shope of the Rockefeller University was working on wild rabbits that had developed â€Å"horn†, which upon further analysisRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of The Hpv Vaccine1555 Words   |  7 PagesJenner, the producer of the first vaccination, reduced the frequency of diseases through immunization (Mhaske 209). HPV and MMR vaccines elongate lives by immunizing them from harmful infections. Studies are being conducted to test the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine. The first HPV vaccine came out in June of 2006, but it was not released until 2007 (Vetter, Geller 1258) (Fonteneau 2). HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus; it is a sexually transmitted disease that leads to cervical cancer and genitalRead MoreSurvey On Human Disease ( Hpv )1038 Words   |  5 Pages Research Paper Human Papillomavirus Lashawn Peterson Summer 2015 HSC4551.312U15 Survey on Human Disease There has been many cases reported a year of people infected with various sexually transmitted infections. There are number of STI’s that are known to be common due to how often it’s contracted, tested, reported and treated. Currently, one of the main STIs that have become more common and is a major public health concern in the United States is the Human papilloma virus, also

Conflict and Alienation in Kafkas Metamorphosis - 2651 Words

In Franz Kafkas novella, The Metamorphosis, the protagonist (Gregor Samsa), is engaged in a struggle against his oppressors, while at the same time he tries to accommodate the very social structure that is ruining his life. Gregors family is abusive, yet he constantly forgives them. He is truly altruisticÂâ€"he works like an animal in order to maintain his familys material comfort. His only dream is to send his beloved sister to the music Conservatory. Gregor is constantly hungry, but not for these things (Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis, hereafter known as KM). He longs for nourishment other than food, for an emotional sustenance derived from an active involvement with his family (Sweeney 152). Simultaneously, he rebels against†¦show more content†¦His sense of duty to his parents is the cause of his banal existence. He works not for himself, but so his family can maintain their comfortable existence. Gregor never seeks to rebel against this familial order. Before h is metamorphosis, his everyday animalistic routine barely distinguished him from vermin. When he is home, he sits... at the table.... studying train schedules (KM 8). Rules and systems dominate his lifeÂâ€"and he is profoundly unhappy and isolated. Gregors alienation corresponds with Marxs definition of the externalization of the worker under capitalism: ‘his work is external to the workers, i.e., it does not form part of his essential being so that instead of feeling well in his work, he feels unhappy, instead of developing his free physical and mental energy, he abuses his body and ruins his mind (Sokel 149). Gregor does not work for himself, he works to pay off his fathers debt. In turn, his father exploits him. When Gregor finds out that his father actually had money hidden away, he [nods] emphatically, delighted at this unexpected foresight and thrift (KM 21). He, however does realize that [o]f course he actually could have paid off more of his fathers debt to the boss with this extra money, and the day on which he could have gotten rid of his job would have been much closer, but now things were undoubtedly better the way his fatherShow MoreRelatedThe Existential Isolation And Biopsychological Change1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin The Metamorphosis and â€Å"Letter to my Father† by Franz Kafka and Unwelcome Visitors† by Tessa Farmer This literary and art analysis will define the correlation between the writings of Kafka and the installation art of Tessa Farmer’s in relation to the themes of existential isolation and biopsychological change. Gregor’s anxiety in The Metamorphosis is partially due to the alienation of society, which cases an existential period of isolation in which he transforms into a bug. In Kafka’s â€Å"LetterRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Frank Kafka849 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a short novella written by Frank Kafka during the 20th century Modernism period. The Modern period introduced technological advances like the steam engine; the telephone and telegraph connected humans from different regions and help improve the human experience. Although the increase of these technological devices led to an improvement of the human condition it also led to the production of dangerous weapons and modern warfare. Global conflicts ravaged modern life due to increasin gRead MoreThe Metamorphosis Isolation Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesFranz Kafka’s feelings of isolation throughout his life caused him to portray characters in his writing as outcasts as a result. The basis of Kafka’s novel The Metamorphosis is the effects of isolation on man and it’s impact on life. The use of modernism in Kafka’s writing was a reflection of the characteristic shift from the beauty and innocence of romanticism to the cold harsh reality of life after World War I. Kafka’s lifelong alienation intersects with his work where he draws on his personalRead MoreEssay on The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka1973 Words   |  8 Pagestrigger depressive symptoms. Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, begins when Gregor has awakened from his disturbed dream as a dung beetle. Gregor, the main character and Kafka himself, experienced insecure behavior, alienation and depression in their relationships. For Gregor, these symptoms had a tremendous effect on his self-concept: it led to a depressive and desolate end. Kafka’s misery in his real life was reflected in the Gregor‘s transformation. The Metamorphosis exposes the outcome of negativeRead MoreThe Existentialist Philosophy Of Kafka s The Metamorphosis1364 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Assignment The existentialist philosophy of Kafka is presented in the metamorphosis is a picture of isolation and despair, something which prevailed in Kafka’s life. The diary of Kafka which was later found also showed Kafka’s intense imagination about his existence and extinction. It became apparent that at the heart of metamorphosis lies deep rooted feelings of Kafka himself. (Kafka.org ). The Metamorphosis a novel written by Franz Kafka is about a man, Gregor Samsa, who wakes up to findRead MoreFamily Dynamics in The Metamorphosis Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesWhat does The Metamorphosis. suggest about caring, patience, communication, love, loyalty, shame, secrecy, duty in the context of family life? The definition of family dynamics refers to the way members of the family interact with each other in relation to the group as a whole. A lot of influences affect the dynamics between family members such as traditions, communication styles, behavioral patterns and emotional interdependence. In Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis relates to how humans and theirRead MoreUnsettling Dreams: an Analysis of the Metamorphosis1042 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Metamorphosis Through his essay â€Å"Competing Theories of Identity in The Metamorphosis†, Kevin W. Sweeny explores three different concepts of identity that are brought to light in Franz Kafka’s novella The Metamorphosis. While our social role and conscious mind help establish our character, ultimately our material body determines how we identify, to ourselves and the general public. Through The Metamorphosis, Kafka explores how losing control of the body can conflict the mind, and decimateRead MoreFranz Kafkas Novella, The Metamorphosis Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the saddest aspects of Franz Kafkas novella, The Metamorphosis, concerns the fact that young Gregor Samsa genuinely cares about this family, working hard to support them, even though they do little for themselves. On the surface, Kafkas 1916 novella, seems to be just a tale of Gregor morphing into a cockroach, but, a closer reading with Marx and Engels economic theories in mind, reveals an imposing metaphor that gives the improbable story a great deal of relevance to the structure of Read More Comparing Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities between Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis It is unusual to say the least to open a book and the first line is about the main character waking up as a large insect. Most authors’ use symbolism to relate the theme of their work, not Franz Kafka. He uses a writing method that voids all aspects and elements of the story that defy interpretation. In doing this, he leaves a simple story that stands only for an objective view for his own thoughts and dreams. Kafka focusesRead MoreFranz Kafka s The Metamorphosis Of My Existence1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis of Franz Kafka A picture of my existence... would show a useless wooden stake covered in snow... stuck loosely at a slant in the ground in a ploughed field on the edge of a vast open plain on a dark winter night†. — Franz Kafka The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung 1912), Franz Kafka’s best known short story, is a master work of incredible psychological, sociological and existential malaise. Although his points are simple and straightforward, this richly layered and textured

Consumer Behavior Research Project Free Essays

string(125) " why they think taking care of the environment is important, a common answer is ‘Sustainability’ and ‘Biodiversity’\." | |Consumer Behavior Research Project 2011 | | |[pic] | |6-12-2011 |Engaging in environmental responsibility increases the profitability of a company. | | | | Consumer Behavior Research Project 2011 Engaging in environmental responsibility increases the profitability of a company. INTRODUCTION More and more people are becoming aware of the importance of taking care of our environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior Research Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almost everybody has heard about environmental problems (likely) caused by human consumption. In order to stop the constant decline in natural resources and the excessive demand of consumers, things need to change. Business has to change their philosophies into a focus on not harming human and ecosystems (Hofstra, 2011). But in our ‘free market economy’ companies need to be able to make a profit or at least break-even from a change, before they will embrace it. That is why this research papers answers the question: Can a company increase their profitability by engaging in environmental responsibility? To answer this question, the following problem statement was formulated: Engaging in environmental responsibility increases the profitability of a company. Two sub questions need to be answered first: 1. Do consumers want eco-friendly products? 2. Do customers act upon their environmental believes? 3. Is there empirical evidence of increased profits by engaging in environmental responsibility? The first two sub questions are questions that must be answered positively for the hypothesis to hold. Without consumers willing to purchase products from environmentally responsible companies, there is no way that companies can make extra profit from engaging in environmental responsibility. Although a positive answer on the first two questions is a condition for the hypothesis to hold, it is still no conclusive evidence that engaging in environmental responsibility will increase profits. For conclusive evidence empirical proof is needed, which will be provided in the third sub question. The expectation is that engaging in environmental responsibility will increase the profitability of a company. Methodology of the research The first two sub-questions will be answered by examining the results of the provided questionnaire (among 24 respondents by e-mail). Several statistical tests will be used to determine the significance of outcomes and the relationship between several variables. In order to research the third sub-question of the research project, to test whether firms make more profits when they engage in an environmental responsibility, a literature study will be provided to review studies that look at the market value of firms. Due to the limited amount of time and resources for this research project, the use of existing science and literature is required to give a useful insight into the problem statement. These sources will provide an overview of the profitability of firms that are engaged in environmental responsibility. Theoretical background Our research considers 2 backgrounds. First, to research consumers, that is, the demand for environmentally responsible produced products, the assumption is made that consumers are aware of the impact consuming has on the environment. Recent years, media has reported frequently about environmental changes induced by mass consumptions and its corresponding mass production. Furthermore, more products use labels to signify they are produced in an eco-friendly manner. Also companies actively try to build their ‘green’ image with marketing. Therefore this research assumes that people are aware of harming the environment by consuming. For the supply side of our research, the standard economic theory (SET) is used. One of the aspects of this theory states that firms are profit-maximizing. Firms will only involve in certain activities such as environmentally responsible producing, when it pay-offs in terms of profits. When it does not improve a firm’s profit, it will abandon it. According to SET, when this research shows that environmentally responsible producing results in larger profits, firms will adopt it. Research findings Do consumers prefer environmentally responsible produced products? Are consumers aware of environmental problems? The first four questions of the survey correspond with this question. But before the data from the survey can be used for analysis, an internal consistency reliability analysis is necessary. Such an analysis will tell us whether or not the data is useful and reliable. Reliability is important, because in the absence of reliability it is impossible to have any validity associated with the scores of a scale. Conducting and interpreting the internal consistency reliability analysis can be done through Cronbach’s alpha. The following questions in the survey correspond with whether or not the respondent thinks the environment is important: -Q1: An increasing amount of consumers recognizes the relevance of taking care about â€Å"mother earth† considering the design, production and disposing of the purchased products. Do you agree or disagree? -Q2: What is your opinion about the statement? â€Å"Caring about the flora (vegetation) is important† -Q3: What is your opinion about the statement? â€Å"Caring about the fauna (animals) is important† Q7A: Do you consider yourself as a person who is striving to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer? Higher values of Cronbach’s alpha are more desirable. As a rule of thumb a lot of professionals require a reliability of 0. 70 or higher before using an instrument (See Appendix, Figure 1). Using SPSS an alpha v alue of 0. 878 is obtained, which is considered very high (See Appendix, Figure 2). This means the test results are internally consistent and reliable. The data needs to be normally distributed to use a parametric test; otherwise we will have to use the non-parametric test. Both the Kolmogorov-Smirnov as the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, tells us the data (Q1,2,3,7A) is not normally distributed (See Appendix, Figure 3). A good non-parametric test is the ‘one sample chi square test’. To use this test the data needs to be simplified to agree and disagree. Running the chi square test on the first three questions, results in a significant positive outcome for all three questions (See Appendix, Figure 4). Looking at the percentages of people that responded positively, it’s very clear in general a significant majority of people care about the environment (Q1: 75%, Q2: 95,8% Q3: 87,5%). Also 95. 8% of the respondents indicated that they are aware of environmental problems caused by human consumption. (See Appendix, Figure 5) When asking respondent’s why they think taking care of the environment is important, a common answer is ‘Sustainability’ and ‘Biodiversity’. You read "Consumer Behavior Research Project" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" In short: The vast majority of people is aware of environmental problems and thinks taking care of the environment is important because of ‘sustainability’ and ‘biodiversity’. Are consumers convinced buying products from environmentally responsible companies will offer a solution for environmental problems? Questions 6A and 6B are both questions indicating that the consumer believes buying products from environmentally responsible companies will have benefits for the environment, if answered positively. A ‘one sample chi square test’ on both of these questions tell us that a significant majority answered these questions positively (See Appendix, Figure 6). This means that consumers think that companies need to pay attention to the environmental impact of their activities. The industry and the shop chains have to change their methods of production and selling of the products. By looking at the way people answered the questions, one can say that consumers almost demand companies to be environmentally responsible. Not only do they want companies to meet the legal requirements (with regard to the environment), but they want companies to really examine and optimize their production process in order to minimize the use of energy, pollution and waste. From our research it is very clear that consumers are aware of environmental problems and want to do something about it. They also believe that the environment will benefit from companies that produce and sell products in an environmentally responsible manner. This is why they are not only willing to buy products from environmentally responsible companies, but are almost demanding companies to be environmentally responsible. Do consumers act upon their environmental believes? In the previous question, we have found that consumers prefer environmentally responsible produced products. However this does not necessarily have to mean that consumers act upon this. First of all we have to know if consumers belief that they (the consumers) are responsible for making a chance and buy eco-friendly products. This is what Q6C asked our respondents. The result of the ‘one sample chi square test’ is that a significant majority of the respondents think that consumers are responsible to make a change in purchasing ‘eco-friendly’ products (See Appendix, Figure 6). So now we know that not only do people believe companies should produce in an environmental responsible manner, but that they also believe consumers are responsible to buy the products of those companies. As it is common knowledge that people don’t always do what they think others should do, let’s take this research a step further and take a look at how the individuals themselves behave. Question 7A answers this perfectly, by asking: â€Å"Do you consider yourself as a person who is striving to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer? † This time a ‘one sample chi square test’ tells us nothing, because there is no significant majority of people who agree or disagree. The ‘one sample chi square test’ is therefore not of use this time. A ‘Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test’ is useful in this case; this test measures the differences between the answers on question 6C and 7A and then tests if the media between them equals zero (not significant). The result of this test is a rejection of the null hypothesis (H = 0 ? Median of differences between Q6C and Q7A equals zero. ). A closer look at the results tells us that people don’t do what they think others should do (See Appendix, Figure 7). This result is very interesting, and in laymen’s terms means that a majority of the people claims that ‘consumers are responsible to make a change in purchasing ‘eco-friendly’ products’ but do not ‘consider themself as a person who is striving to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer’. To make matters worse the same test between Q6A and Q7B also leads to a rejection of the null hypothesis (See Appendix, Figure 8). Meaning that a majority of the people think consumers are responsible to purchase ‘eco-friendly’ products, but not purchase them themselves or talk about environmental issues with friends. What do these findings mean for the answer on the question if people act upon their environmental believes? Even though our results are not directly in favor of a positive answer on this question, we can make some nuances. Because when looking at the descriptive statistics and frequencies we can obtain that still 37. 5% of the consumers strives to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer (vs. 29,2% not 33,3% don’t know). (See Appendix, Figure 9). In short, not all consumers how see the importance of ‘eco-friendly’ products, act upon this. Sometimes they do not act upon it, even if they believe consumers are responsible for making chances and buying eco-friendly products. But there are still a lot of people who do act upon it and strive to be more ‘eco-friendly’ consumers. Now we have a positive answer on the first two sub-questions, the conditions for the hypotheses to hold are met. There is demand for products from environmentally responsible companies. However, this is still no conclusive evidence that engaging in environmental responsibility will increase profits. For that, some empirical proof is needed. Is there empirical evidence of increased profits by engaging in environmental responsibility? In order to give a reliable conclusion about the third question of our problem statement, Is there empirical evidence of increased profits by engaging in environmental responsibility? , already existing literature was used. But before something meaningful can be said about increased profits, the term environmental responsibility(ER) and also increased profits itself need to be defined. In the literature studied, the ISO14000 standard was used to signify ER. The use of this standard, or certificate, is to[1] . Recognize and manage the environmental impact of a firm’s activities, products and services. 2. Give the firm support to constantly improve their impact on the environment. 3. Give a firm the methods to set environmental goals and methods how to achieve these goals. Among these methods to reach these environmental goals are management sys tems that take into account the environment and also the use of product labels. Beside the certificate for ER, increased profits also needs to be defined. This can be done by looking at the market value of a firm. The market value of a firm represents the book value plus expected future earnings[2]. The book value consists of all assets on the balance sheet of the firm[3]. An increase in the market value of a firm will show that a firm has become more worth, because its assets have increased in value, for example its current assets has risen. Another possible increase in market value is by a change in expected future profits. For instance, the disclosure of forecasted profits by the board of the firm can increase market value. What does the empirical evidence reveals about environmental responsible firms? The study that was used compares the market value of 156 Egyptian firms over 3 years, between 2003 and 2005. Of the examined firms, 84 of them did have an ISO14000 certificate; the other 72 firms did not have a certificate. Next, the research looks at the contribution of such an ISO14000 certificate, the dependent variable, to the market value, the independent variable. Being environmental responsible as a firm, has a positive and significant impact on the market value[4]. Thereby, the research concludes that the firms, who do have the ISO14000 certificate, have increased their market value. In other words, the research found that applying ER to your firm is positively reflected in your market value and, on average, does not lower your market value. 5] Discusion Survey The first obvious shortcoming of the survey is the low number of respondents (24). With such a low number of respondents, statistical test are not very reliable. Most of the respondents fell into the same age group, meaning that the survey is not a good representation of the population. Also a lot of respondents were irritate d by the large amount of open questions, which could lead to rushed answers. Literature Study Now we have seen that the practice of ER is profitable, we will look at the shortcomings of this research and its results. The first downside of the research, from a company’s perspective, is the fact that we do not know by how much ER is profitable. Indeed, the goal of the firm is to maximize shareholders value as much as possible, mainly in order to attract new and reward current shareholders. However, we do not know to what extent engaging in ER is more (or less) beneficial in comparison to firms that do not produce with the environment in mind. Firms will only engage massively in ER when it will maximize shareholders value more than when they do not apply ER to their firm. This research does not provide conclusive results on this topic. Another downside of the research is that it only focuses on Egyptian firms. A study that takes firms of other countries into consideration will provide a better conclusion. Although Egypt has a free market economy, a research conducted in the West with positive results regarding to profits due to engaging in ER, will inspire Western firms more than the same outcomes in Egypt. Furthermore, the small period the research evaluates, 3 years, is subject to market fluctuations. It could be that the general stock market, where the market value of a firm is based upon, improved during these examined 3 years. On to other hand, the environmental business is changing constantly. A research that examines a period longer than 3 years needs to account for increased legislation regarding waste and pollution, which would increase the difficulty of the research. Lastly, we also face the limitation of why firm profits increase by involving in ER. Having concluded that engaging in ER is profitable is step 1, why engaging in ER is profitable, is the next step. Is it because firms that practice ER are selling more? Do these firms sell more because they can sell their products for a lower price? Or do they sell more because customers or businesses who purchase these products or services perceive more value because these creations are produced responsibly? Or do profit increase because firms have smaller expenses to produce the same amount of products or services? Are those lower expenses the result of economies of scope or economies of scale? All those questions are beyond the scope of this research should be answered with future research. Conclusions This research tried to answer the question whether or not engaging in environmental responsibility can increase the profits of a company. After finding that consumers really prefer environmentally responsible produced products in the first sub-question, the second sub-question asked if they also act upon this. The answer was somewhat interesting because a lot of respondents believed the consumer is responsible for eco-friendly consuming, but at the same time didn’t strive to be ‘eco-friendly’ consumers themselves. Nevertheless a lot of consumers do strive to be ‘eco-friendly’ customer. It is beyond the scope of the research to look at the reasons don’t do what they want other to do, but is interesting for further research. After concluding there is a demand for environmentally responsible produced products, the research continued by looking at empirical proof for supply these environmentally responsible produced products. Knowing those consumers are willing to buy, there is possibility for firms to supply these environmentally responsible produced products. However, firms will only produce and provide these products when this is more profitable than their current supply. In order to determine whether it actually pays off for a firm to provide environmentally responsible produced products, a literature study looked at this. The literature study provided empirical proof that firms engaging in environmental responsibility have an increase in profit or market value. This conclusion is somewhat positive because there is a positive relation between producing environmentally responsible produced products and the market value of a firm. However, the literature study did not give insight into whether applying environmental responsibility to a firm outperforms firms that do not practice environmental responsibility. This leaves room for future research to examine to what extent engaging in environmental responsibility is beneficial for a firm’s profits. References Books Frank, Robert H. 2008. Microeconomics and Behavior. Europe: McGraw-Hill Education. Blackwell, Roger D. , Miniard, Paul W. , Engel, James F. 2006. Consumer behavior. Mason: Thomson/South-Western. Papers Wahba, H. 2008. â€Å"Does the market value corporate environmental responsibility? An empirical examination,† Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 15: 89–99. Appendix Figure 1 |Cronbach’s alpha |Internal consistency | |? ? . |Excellent | |. 9 ; ? ? . 8 |Good | |. 8 ; ? ? . 7 |Acceptable | |. 7 ; ? ? . 6 |Questionable | |. ; ? ? . 5 |Poor | |. 5 ; ? |Unacceptable | Figure 2 |Reliability Statistics | |Cronbach’s Alpha |Cronbach’s Alpha Based|N of Items | | |on Standardized Items | | |. 878 |. 889 |4 | Figure 3 Tests of Normality | | |Kolmogorov-Smirnova |Shapiro-Wilk | | | Figure 4 |Test Statistics | | |Q1 |Q2 |Q3 | |Chi-Square |10. 714a |20. 167b |18. 182c | |df |1 |1 |1 | |Asymp. Sig. |. 001 |. 000 |. 000 | | | Figure 5 Q1 | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Q6A |Q6C | |Chi-Square |14,727a |11,842b | |df |1 |1 | |Asymp. Sig. |,000 |,001 | | | Figure 7 [pic] Figure 8 [pic] Figure 9 [pic] ———————– [1] http://www. iso. org/iso/iso_14000_essentials [2] http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/marketvalue. asp#axzz1fUqMwWqQ [3] [pic]()*+,-. 78S†¹ Z? oaIA oA†? n[AH How to cite Consumer Behavior Research Project, Essays

Repurchase Reasons and Market Reaction †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Repurchase Reasons and Market Reaction. Answer: Introduction: In the present case, the subject matter is evolved with two topics. The first thing is the oppressive remedy and the second one is that the dividends (Akyol Foo, 2013). The commonwealth countries are enjoying certain statutory powers that help them to get certain benefits. One of such benefit is oppression remedy. This remedy is given to the oppression shareholders so that they can take action against the corporation if the corporation acts oppressively or unfairly (Dhaliwal, et al., 2014). This doctrine was for the first time introduced in the case of Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 ER 189. It was held in that case that if the action of the company is prejudiced the shareholders at large, they can take action against the company or the corporation (Galloway, 2016). This rule is applicable to all the commonwealth countries. The word unfair prejudiced means if the company is engaging themselves in the process of illegal avoidance regarding any specific shareholders. It has been observed i n the case of Re HR Harmer Ltd. that any person who has actively taken part to the internal affairs of the company can file the oppression. It had observed by Judge Lord Jenkins that any person that has certain interest with the company could bring an action against the company regarding the oppression cases against the company that hurt the corporate personality of that person on certain illegal basis (Garling et al., 2013). It has been stated under section 234 of the Corporation Act 2001 that there are certain category of persons who can get the option to file a case regarding the same. the persons are as follows: Oppression can be filed by any person who is a member of the company; It can be filed by a person who was removed from his post under certain circumstances; A person can also file a case with the consent of the Australian Security and Investments Commission. There is a provision under the Corporation Act regarding the person whose shares are transmitted by will or the shares are allotted to him by operation of law. The affairs of the company should be so that goes against the interest of the shareholders. The acts of the company should be clear enough to prejudice the interest of the shareholders (Hooi, S.E., Albaitty Ibrahimy, 2015). It has been observed in this case that the constitution of the company provides certain dividend benefits to the holders specially those who are enjoying the benefits of the A class shares. It has been stated under the rules of the Corporation Act 2001 that the rules mentioned under the constitution of an company are mandatory in nature and it will be applicable on everyone (Iftikhar, Raja Sehran, 2017). The provisions of the constitution can only be changed in the form of by way of special resolution. However, it has seen that the company had decided not to pay dividends to the Galli Grandchildren. This act of the company has seriously caused breach to the provisions under the constitution of that company. It was the right of the Galli Grandchildren to get the dividend as they are holders of A class share. Therefore, it can be stated that the Gallis have option to bring action against the company to get the oppression remedies. In case of the oppression, the court may give remedies regarding the claim as follows: The company can be wound up; The provisions of the constitution can be modifies, if required; The share capital of the company relating to the person can be transmitted by will. The court can appoint receiver in certain circumstances; The court may even ordered to perform any duties as the court may deem fit. The doctrine of share buy-back is the main theme of this question. Two terms are involved in the doctrine. One is share buy and another is sharing buy-back. The main function of the shareholders in a company is to buy the share of the company and strengthen the economic condition of the company. The shareholders are, therefore playing an important role regarding the monetary affairs of the company. The event of share buy-back has taken place when the shares of the shareholders are purchasing by the company again. Therefore, it can be stated that the term share buy-back happened when the company has decided to buy back all the shares bought by the shareholders of the company for certain reasons (Jacob Jacob, 2013). The reasons for the same can be regarded as the shareholders are part of the company and if it has been decided by the company to reduce the capital cost of the company by reducing the sharing ownership of the shareholders. The Corporation Act 2001 makes certain provisions regarding the buy-back policies to regulate the matter relating to the same systematically. The provision regarding the same has been engraved under section 257B of the Act (Mitchell, Izan Lim, 2015). It is to be kept in mind that the reasons for the buy-back policy do not only stand on the negative base to the shareholders. It has certain benefits that help to secure the interest of the shareholders as a whole. The parameters regarding the share earnings will be increased by way of share buy-back policy. The company at the present market price is purchasing all the shares. Therefore, the shareholders are making profits in this system. The remaining shareholders are also become potential through this process. The process of share buy-back can be taken place by way of two ways. One is the open market and another is the off market. It is up to the company in which way they will be conducted the process. The present problem is based on the capital reduction process. The term capital reduction is related to the term equity. It is the right of the every shareholder to keep certain equity. The quantity of equity can be reduced by way of cancellation of shares or it can be reduced by way of repurchasing the shares by the companies again. Company has stated it under section 257B of the Corporation Act 2001 regarding the buy-back process of the shares. The provision regarding the cancellation of shares is mentioned under section 256B of the Corporation Act 2001. The impacts of the capital reduction do not affect the interest of the shareholders much. It has been observed in the case that this company is also intending to use the capital reduction process (Yarram Dollery, 2015). The process of capital reduction is a process of systematic thought. It is to be kept in mind that the process should not based on the arbitrary procedure. Notice regarding the same is to be sent to the creditors in this aspect and it is necessary to make an entry regarding the capital reduction in the record book of the company. The company should conduct a general meeting and if the resolution were passed on the behalf of the reduction, the same will be recorded after three months of the assurance. In the provinces of Australia, Australian Security and Investment Commission is in the charge of regulate the capital reduction. Certain consents are necessary regarding the capital reduction system. Special resolution is needed to implement the policies regarding the capital reduction. It is not possible to reduce the capital without conducting the special resolution. However, consent is also necessary regarding the reduction. All the problems relating to the matter should be resolved by the interference of the tribunal. Reference: Akyol, A.C. and Foo, C.C., 2013. Share repurchase reasons and the market reaction to actual share repurchases: Evidence from Australia.International Review of Finance,13(1), pp.1-37. Dhaliwal, D., Li, O.Z., Tsang, A. and Yang, Y.G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility disclosure and the cost of equity capital: The roles of stakeholder orientation and financial transparency.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,33(4), pp.328-355. Galloway, C., 2016. Crisis Communication Research in Australia.The Handbook of International Crisis Communication Research, pp.337-346. Garling, S., Hunt, J., Smith, D. and Sanders, W., 2013.Contested governance: culture, power and institutions in Indigenous Australia(p. 351). ANU Press. Hooi, S.E., Albaity, M. and Ibrahimy, A.I., 2015. Dividend policy and share price volatility.Investment Management and Financial Innovations,12(1), pp.226-234. Iftikhar, A.B., Raja, N.U.D.J. and Sehran, K.N., 2017. IMPACT OF DIVIDEND POLICY ON STOCK PRICES OF FIRM.Theoretical Applied Science, (3), pp.32-37. Jacob, M. and Jacob, M., 2013. Taxation, dividends, and share repurchases: Taking evidence global.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,48(4), pp.1241-1269. Mitchell, J., Izan, H.Y. and Lim, R., 2015. Australian on-market buy-backs: an examination of valuation issues. Wood, D., Watson, L. and Chung, E., 2014. Cancellation of elective surgery within 24 hours: avoidable and can we improve the outcome?.Bju International,113, pp.28-29. Yarram, S.R. and Dollery, B., 2015. Corporate governance and financial policies: Influence of board characteristics on the dividend policy of Australian firms.Managerial Finance,41(3), pp.